ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effects of kelulut honey on bone structure and histomorphometry against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Methods: Thirty-five male rats were used (n = 7). Twenty-eight adrenalectomized rats were divided into four groups; each group was given normal saline 0.9％ (negative control), calcium water (positive control), kelulut honey (200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively) treatment, respectively. All of them were administered with intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (120 μg/kg/day) to induce osteoporosis. Seven sham operated rats were given vehicle palm olein 0.05 mL/100 g/day by intramuscular injection and 0.1 mL/kg/day orally. All the treatments were given daily for 2 month. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress enzymes were measured. In addition, bone structural and histomorphometry analyses were also conducted. Results: Two-month glucocorticoid treatment increased the level of malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase significantly. No significant changes were found in the activities of catalase and glutathion peroxidase. Bone volume/tissue volume and trabecular number were significantly reduced while trabecular separation of the femoral bones was increased which corresponded to the decreased number of osteoblast surface after two months of receiving glucocorticoid treatment. Kelulut honey treatment restored the level of superoxide dismutase and reduced malondialdehyde significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, kelulut honey increased bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation significantly (P<0.05), which were further confirmed by increased osteoblast surface and decreased osteoclast surface number (P<0.05). Conclusions: Kelulut honey may have potential bone protective effect, and may be a prophylaxis against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
ABSTRACT
Background: There has been an ever increasing use of liquid vaporizers as residential insecticides to get rid of the problem of mosquito and as a concern shown towards prevention of increasing cases of vector borne diseases. Adverse impact of these chemicals are many including giddiness, nausea, headache, body ache, lethargy and dizziness but the current research on the safety of these chemical compounds is market driven and proper histological studies that can establish their toxic effects on cerebellar cortex which acts as higher centre of coordination, balance and learning are rare. Accordingly the present study was planned to look into the claim of safety of these inhalational compounds and to establish the correlation, if any between pyrethroid based mosquito repellent inhalational use and the histological insult to the cerebellum of Albino rats. Methods: Total of twenty albino rats were marked into groups marked as control and experimental. The exposure of experimental group was carried out to 3.2% w/v prallethrin vapours for total of 12 hours in a day and continued for 180 days. The Albino rats in control group were put in similar surroundings but without exposure to any mosquito repellent. The albino rats were killed after completing exposure of 180 days. The rats brain was dissected and Cerebellum was taken out. Tissue processing and sectioning done and finally stained wusing haematoxylin, eosin and thionin stains. Results: Outer molecular and inner granular layer of cerebellum showed areas of degeneration with disruption and decreased density of cells in Purkinje cell layer. Conclusions: The findings of the study do confirms that mosquito repellents given by inhalational route leads to toxic insult as evident in this study on Albino rats on long term exposure of 180 days as shown by histological alterations in the sections of cerebellar cortex of rat CNS.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop a simple, sensitive, precise, and accurate stability-indicating high performance thin-layer chromatographic method for analysis of curcumin (the main active constituent of turmeric). Methods: The separation was achieved on TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 using toluene-chloroform-methanol (5:4:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometric analysis was performed at 430 nm. Results: This system was found to have compact spot of curcumin at RF value of (0.31±0.02). For the proposed procedure, linearity (r2= 0.99354 ± 0.00120), limit of detection (50 ng/spot), limit of quantification (200 ng/spot), recovery (ranging from 98.35% - 100.68%), and precision (≤2.25%) were found to be satisfactory. Statistical analysis reveals that the content of curcumin in different geographical region varied significantly.Conclusions:The highest and lowest concentration of curcumin in Turmeric was found to be present in sample of Erode (Tamilnadu) and Surat (Gujrat) respectively which inferred that the variety of turmeric found in Erode (Tamilnadu) is much superior to other region of India.